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Thursday, 3 October 2013
SAYING IT LIKE IT IS BUT ONLY WHEN RETIRED
Of all the prohibitions on the activities or actions a Justice of the Peace can undertake none is taken more seriously than talking to the media on the record. The Media Guide for the Judiciary is the rod with which a J.P.`s back can be broken if it is considered that s/he has stepped out of line. Colleagues have been removed from the magistracy for such failings. So it is hardly surprising that just as former generals or senior civil servants wait until their pensions are assured before going public with criticisms of systems or institutions, criticisms which would have had much more significance if they had been delivered whilst the bearer was in post, Alan Bissell J.P. waited until the moment he retired from the Flintshire Bench before lambasting procedures with which he (and others) had been forced to comply. His main outpouring was his belief that the concept of punishment had been diminished by the actions of government over many years. Certainly he would have received a letter from the Office for Judicial Complaints if he had made his remarks, which must have been co-ordinated with the press who reported them, a few weeks or months earlier.
Of course Grayling, like his predecessors, can and does produce volumes of statistics to show that whatever is the real situation crime is diminishing, police are not failing and the courts are more efficient than ever. But there is one factor that by its very nature cannot be abused by statisticians because it is a negative and everyone knows that negatives are very difficult to substantiate. And that is the increasing tendency of the Crown Prosecution Service to undercharge on assault from the summary charge to the most serious life threatening offences. Other forms of criminality eg fraud are also undercharged but for magistrates it is assault with which we are most familiar. I would posit that there is not a single colleague who has not sat on simple assault by beating and thought that the CPS was failing in its public duty of protection by not using the more serious charges that the case details warranted. The reason for such dereliction of duty in an organisation which has rid itself of 10%+ of its lawyers and is operating on a much reduced budget is not difficult to find. The other side of the same coin is well illustrated in a case on which I sat a few weeks ago. One simple incident when a young white woman who had been observed drinking from a can of cider and shouting at her friends pushed a black policeman in the back shouting “black trash” was charged with being drunk & disorderly, assault P.C. and s.5 Public Order Act racially aggravated. She was, as I recall, convicted by majority of all three offences and the CPS`s statistics were duly enhanced.
Is this the best way of applying the too oft repeated mantra, “We are the party of law `n order”? I wish Alan Bissell a well earned retirement from the bench. Long may his cup runneth over.
Wednesday, 2 October 2013
WHAT IT SAYS ON THE TIN
My last sitting saw me in the courtroom for six hours. Those unaware of the wall to wall inefficiencies to be encountered in magistrates` courts might utter, “so what”. They would be right to do so. The time wasted in courts presided over by me and my colleagues has to be seen and experienced to be believed. I won`t rehearse the reasons. Everyone bar the number crunchers and greasy pole climbers at HMCTS and Justice Ministry who behave like the three monkeys is well aware that the withdrawal of capital from the system has wrought changes which if not readily reversed will have ever lasting detrimental effects on what was once one of the world`s fairest justice systems where in timely fashion it was almost beyond reasonable doubt that the innocent were acquitted and the guilty punished with punishment appropriate to the offences committed.
But returning to my recent all day session; the morning was taken up by the trial of a youth of nineteen; a refugee from a war torn central African state, who was charged with assault. When he was identified we asked our L/A to have him confirm his date of birth. William Hill would have given odds on he was no more that 15 given his slight build and height of about 5ft 6 inches. However he insisted he was 19 and CPS called the complainant, a cruiserweight to the accused`s featherweight status. African boy spoke a very educated English and displayed a certain confidence bordering on arrogance when he gave his version of events. Severe cross examination did not put him off his stride. The evidence, however, was so overwhelming that we wondered how legal advice had allowed him at this 3rd listing to continue with a not guilty plea.
With his previous good character, a part time evening job at a supermarket and confirmation of his excellent grades at college we were satisfied that a conditional discharge and advice to avoid alcohol which seemed to be responsible for his errant behaviour was an appropriate disposal. The relief on the face of his mother in the public gallery was an indication that his offending might have been nipped in the bud.
Our afternoon was occupied by the case of a Sudanese man from the Nubian region. He was about 60 and walked with the aid of walking sticks in each hand. He had the classical features of his race. His jet black skin, sculptured cheekbones and classical brow would not have been misplaced on a hieroglyph from ancient Egypt. His authoritative manner matched his appearance. He had previously been tried in absence and found guilty of s.4 public order and was before us with his lawyer applying to have his case re-opened. After lengthy legal argument which I personally found particularly intellectually stimulating he failed. Post sentence we wondered just what damage he could have been capable of if he could have moved freely without his crippled lower limbs being assisted by the walking sticks occupying his hands.
The standard has been set. I doubt that there will be another non remand session before 2014 where my all day sitting will be what it says on the tin.
Monday, 30 September 2013
THE ARROGANCE OF A LOCAL COUNCILLOR IN BOURNEMOUTH
From Hillsborough via the Stafford hospital scandal, by passing numerous “baby bashing” cases and child grooming the authorities concerned have generally tried to avoid personal responsibility by staff members for actions ranging from misconduct to manslaughter. These staff members have ranged from chief executives to individual professionally qualified personnel. Blame has been placed on procedures, culture or institutional deficiencies of one sort or another. Overseeing authority has also been reluctant to place blame where it is or has been deserved. The recent BBC debacle has been a prime example. So when an authoritative source names names, feathers are ruffled. And so it seems were the burghers of Bournemouth.
Since magistrates` courts had taken from them licensing duties which had been in their domain for decades their remaining function in this regard has been as a court of appeal. And councillors in the Dorset seaside town went to the press with their anger at remarks at such an appeal. The bench chairman had, in the councillor`s opinion, the temerity to make clear the court`s reasons for rejecting an appeal by said council. The reasons reported included criticism of evidence given to the court by council officials. Apparently that upset a fine upstanding local representative. His own display of pique and arrogance by somebody who should know better was an indication of his limited understanding and appreciation of what the law is about. The magistrates concerned will of course say nothing more in public about their decision. Their reasons are already in the public domain. They are above local political shenanigans. If a council officer was deserving of criticism in the proceedings it was their duty to say so publicly.
There has been too much circling of the wagons to protect poorly performing publicly paid council workers however senior. If the courts cannot make known their reasons including criticism of such people we should all start learning Mandarin.
Friday, 27 September 2013
LONDON PROBATION TRUST DRIVEN BY SERCO
I would imagine that anybody reading here would by now be aware of changes being forced upon the probation service. The underlying theme is payment byresults. There is vociferous opposition to this initiative much of it coming not unnaturally from those professionals who will have to undertake their work where the motivation is profit as opposed to performance. Protagonists would argue that performance leads to profit and one cannot be achieved without the other. That might be a sound point of view except that the statistical bases on which PBR is and will be judged are open to much scrutiny. Indeed considering all the controversial decisions at the Ministry of Justice since 2010 this change to the concept of probation services must rank near the top of the list.
I have been sent a programme attached to a regular newsletter for an event on 3rd October being hosted by London Probation Trust in its new partnership with SERCO. I will leave readers to form their own opinions but a thought does strike me that the glossier and more upbeat a programme looks the less substance is at its core.
Thursday, 26 September 2013
CONFUSION ARISING FROM PROPOSED SMOKING BAN IN PRISONS
There are three constituent parts of any criminal justice system, the process of catching suspected offenders, charging and convicting them in the courts and incarcerating them in prisons. The first two components consist of many people with corresponding checks and balances to ensure justice is done with fairness to all and is seen to be thus done. However when it comes to the running of prisons in general the governor is "king" and almost but not quite an absolute monarch. Controversy erupts from time to time when it is revealed that governors have supreme power and are using that power to release prisoners far sooner than anybody had authorised.
If prison governors are "kings" then prison warders are the "nobles" and as we learn in history kings and nobles were often in conflict as to where the power would lie. In prison it is forbidden for inmates to possess or use mobile phones, drugs, or to use networking sites. So there is no drug problem in jails.....? no criminal activity involving mobile phone contact between convicts and the outside world.....? And of course using Facebook and similar sites is forbidden so nobody in prison does it......?
It has been said by many with knowledge that the Prison Officers Union is the last bastion of left wing union extremism where union power and not the management is in control of the work place. Similarly it has been said that whilst drugs are illegal if they were totally excluded from jails there would be serious riots with the result that to a certain extent a blind eye is turned to the illegal supply in prisons. If using Facebook is contrary to prison rules how does a dangerous inmate access it without the knowledge of those paid to keep him secure and out of contact with the public at large? With the government`s intention to ban smoking by all within a prison`s gates should we be grateful for its benevolence in trying to wean offenders from that most deadly weed? The Prison Officers Association has been in the vanguard of those seeking a smoking ban in prisons. The Association is of course in favour of all the other restrictions mentioned above but its members seem a tolerant lot to the transgressors and it`s easy to understand why; those incarcerated for long hours in overcrowded cells need little to change them from docile dependent individuals to angry aggravated resentful objectors to their situation. Cigarettes, for those addicted, in addition to being a currency in prison allow a sense of satisfaction when that craving is assuaged. Take away that small amount of pleasure to be substituted by nicotine patches and it is not unlikely that life will become more intense for warders and negate any benefits accruing from the removal of secondary inhalation of nicotine.
But governments of the current colour and that previous seem to operate as if by mantra. Human Rights law being applied to army personnel in a war situation appears to be totally incongruous. And applying a no smoking philosophy in line with current legislation on the tobacco habit in prisons is as surely a recipe for disaster as was the coalition`s West Coast rail contract, its contract for courts interpreter services, its proposed “pasty tax”, its proposed forestry sell off and a dozen other U turns.
If prisons are being run for the benefit of a quiet life for their employees as a first consideration and the protection of the public as a second I find this whole process of a smoking ban difficult to understand.
Wednesday, 25 September 2013
SPITTING IN THE STREET
I make no apologies for copying below my post earlier this year of 18th February when I was still at my previous web address. It is unclear from the report whether J.P.s or a District Judge(MC) presided. I consider this a disgraceful bye law. I can remember my late father with his health problems forced to spit in the street before he could fumble about to find a handkerchief. Anybody exercising his/her right to use the streets for strenuous exercise eg cycling or jogging {as I do} will at some time have to spit.
Whilst I suppose being prescient on this topic has some sort of satisfaction for this blogger it reinforces his opinion of the restrictive nature that now envelops our society. We are not a nation ridden with T.B. and in any event in London where that disease has been imported in the main from Africa there is much more chance of infection from riding the Tube for a few stops than in the streets of an outer borough.
Earlier this morning like thousands of others across the country with the hope of enjoying a healthier life I went jogging. And like those thousands of fellow non athletes who seek to counter the effects of a sedentary over caloried lifestyle the activity in the lower regions of the lungs attempting to produce an increase in oxygen supply provoked the action of expectoration, a reflex action of the body and not one borne of voluntary habit. I was not running in the London Borough of Enfield. The proposals of the ham fisted burgers of this area were the subject of a post here one year ago on 13/02/2012. A two line statement in a document of 176 pages entitled “Public Document Pack THE CABINET Wednesday, 5th December, 2012 at 8.15 pm in the Conference Room, Civic Centre, Silver Street, Enfield, EN1 3XA" states as follows:-
The Council is leading on a new initiative to bid to ban spitting in the borough. If enough residents back the call Enfield will be the first council in the country to ban the habit.”Apparently without further ado this aspiration to outlaw expectoration is now a bye law but in the neighbouring borough of Waltham Forest. Spitting is being considered as littering and offenders will be subject to a fine of £80. However nowhere on that Council`s website is mention made of spitting being classified as littering with all the sanctions that that offence produces.
It is an absolute certainty that within a year the refusal of an “offender” to pay such a fine will lead to an appearance at the local magistrates` court where colleagues will have an interesting debate on the lawfulness of such a bye law. As for me I will continue my exercise routine and hope that my principles are not put to the ultimate test if those interfering do gooding busybodies in my borough get up to the same tricks.
Thursday, 19 September 2013
HIGH SPEED SPEEDING
Last week Inspector Paul Cording, of North Yorkshire Police’s Roads Policing Group, said with reference to a speeder, “This sentence is a clear demonstration of the determination of all those in the criminal justice system to keep the roads in North Yorkshire as safe as possible. Barton’s speed was completely unacceptable and utterly reckless. It is simply not something we will tolerate. He not only put his own life at risk, Barton endangered the safety of other road users. Anyone caught using the roads of North Yorkshire as a racetrack should expect to face the same punishment when they are caught”. The offender, a Mr Barton, was caught riding his bike at 135 MPH on the A1. The report indicates his driving ban was for 56 days; the maximum available. He could have been given six penalty points and been a six months banned totter if he had had six points already on his license but that was a choice for the bench which had all the facts and circumstances placed before it. In the light of such speeding offences the cut off penalty at 110 MPH surely should be amended.
Wednesday, 18 September 2013
LIES, DAMNED LIES AND STATISTICS
I have from time to time offered the opinion commonly held that the adage of there being three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics is applicable to all manner of numbers offered in the law `n order debate. That now encompasses legal aid, its benefactors and its recipients. Figures were released earlier this week; figures which I will make no attempt to analyse. They are presented for those who wish to draw conclusions. For me the situation in court is that an increasing number of unrepresented defendants is appearing at trial. One result is that prior to CPS opening its case the defendant as usual is asked if his plea remains as not guilty and when that question seems to be difficult to answer further questioning elicits what is in effect mitigation. The result is often a change of plea and more wasted court time. When the defendant has required an interpreter the costs escalate. In my experience a defendant pleading not guilty at the first listing requires to be carefully questioned to avoid a wasted second listing as above.
These increased delays in proceedings will I suppose eventually appear as cracked or ineffective trial percentages but it is hardly likely that a direct association with reduced funding for legal aid will be made….lies, damned lies and statistics.
Tuesday, 17 September 2013
MAGISTRATES DURING THEIR SITTINGS ORDERED TO CONDUCT TIME & MOTION SURVEYS FOR HMCTS
I have
previously expressed the opinion that we are more and more being considered by
HMCTS as unpaid employees as opposed to the actuality that we are volunteers
comprising the lowest level of the judiciary.
This situation has arisen purely and simply because our representatives
have been impotent in the face of the steamrolling actions of HMCTS and other parts of the Justice
Ministry. The supine behaviour of
organisations eg Bench Chairmen and their talking shop aptly named Forum {definition:-
a meeting or medium where ideas and views on a
particular issue can be exchanged}. show it
has no power whatsoever and is an ego trip for its participants. Of more significance is the continuing failure
of the Magistrates` Association to confront (at least in public) government with
opposition to the unsaid future of J.P.s being excluded from their primary
function in our courts.
The insidious traps
which are salami slicing our functions baited with the honeyed proposals of Damien Green in
his letter to magistrates of 30/08/2013 serve as a warning -
"1. How do we ensure that magistrates deal with the right cases in court?
2. How can magistrates play a stronger
role in the community?
3. How can we ensure that Magistrates are in the driving seat of improving
performance of the justice system
in their communities?"
With Her
Majesty`s Courts and Tribunal Service the evidence is even more stark in their
attitude to us. We are to be part of a
time and motion study of the performance of SERCO; a giant organisational amoeba absorbing all the
government contracts it can stomach as a result of the almost paranoid desire
of Chris Grayling to rid his Ministry of any responsibility for its primary
functions at the alter of payment by results.
An interested individual has
kindly provided proof of this in documents sent to a Bench chairman. These are reproduced below with some
redactions.
Members of a
bench are being instructed to effect a time and motion study on the orders of
their Justices Clerk. The requirement is
to monitor the efficiency or lack thereof of SERCO in relation to its contract
to produce prisoners in court on time. This is stretching to an unprecedented level
the co-operation which has historically been essential to the smooth running of
magistrates` courts. If HMCTS wishes to know if its contract with SERCO is less
effective than expected it should employ appropriate people to fulfil that
function. Magistrates are not on the bench for such a purpose. They have been hitherto ready, willing and able to
function as volunteers in a unique partnership with an essential limb of
government. That HMCTS has issued such a
decree is nothing short of outrageous and it risks losing what little goodwill
remains between it and many if not most of my colleagues if and when the
process encompasses them personally.
Reference is made in doc 1 to the Judicial Issues Group. This organisation started off as the Justices
Issue Group and when HMCTS was merely Her Majesty`s Courts Service before the inevitable “bigger is better”
mantra for such organisations saw it digest the Tribunals Service to become the monster it is today. This
document is the foundation of all relationships between Justices of the Peace
and those who operate the courts. This was followed in 2006 by the paper “Responsibilities for the leadership and management of the judicial business of theMagistrates’ Courts”. 2007 saw the
publication of “The Responsibilities of Justices’ Clerks to the Magistracy andthe Discharge of their Judicial Functions”.
It seems
impossible for the underlying themes within those documents to be compatible
with what is happening re the monitoring of performances of SERCO by
magistrates who are sitting in court exercising their judicial function.
Bench chairmen
have or should have a lot of explaining to do.
The Magistrates Association is as impotent as a eunuch in ancient Egypt
in its dealings with this Justice Secretary and his minions so it`s no surprise
that this “initiative” has, as far as I know, not appeared in its official publication
although I am ready to be contradicted. This fiasco is further proof if that were
needed that the views and/or opinions of J.P.s are of no consequence whatsoever
despite the usual arguments of representation at bench or M.A. branch
level. These are totally ineffective and
allow weak representatives to be overwhelmed by the government machine.
Who is there now who is confident that
the majority of magistrates` courts in
2025 will be constituted as they are now; by three Justices of the Peace?
Thursday, 12 September 2013
WEASELS OF WHITEHALL
As if there were
not enough writing on the wall to warn us that the days of magistrates in court are numbered Lord High Executioner Grayling
could not have made his intentions any clearer in his recent speech at the
National Bench Chairs Forum; an organisation which is a total waste of time and
effort. It is not representative of
J.P.s and is just a talking shop. It
effectively has divided magistrates
whose primary representative organisation, the Magistrates` Association, has
allowed itself to be out thought and out
manoeuvred by the weasels of Whitehall
whose long term plan is to have us removed from our position in the magistrates`
courts.
Magistrates in
buildings where there are no longer remand, breach or sentencing courts; those now
having dedicated venues, spend at least half an hour per three hour sitting on
down time if averaged out over a few months if my typical court is anything to
go by. And that means there is slack in
the system…..we all know why but that`s not for today.
“It’s utterly
absurd that three magistrates should spend their time rubber-stamping foregone
conclusions in simple road traffic cases.’ Thus spake Grayling. So in those traffic courts where it is not
uncommon for a bench to discover improper procedures or errors of one sort or
another two J.P.s will be superfluous whilst the third sits in an office. That`s enough to get rid of two thousand of
us. Next stop will be T.V. license
courts where 3,500 prosecutions are brought weekly. As sure as night follows day we will be told
that these also require only a single magistrate to rubber stamp the
decision. That`s reason enough to sack
or allow age related natural wastage to dispense with another three thousand magistrates. He was quoted also as stating that, “that
with a falling number of cases coming before the courts there needs to be
‘smart’ ways of deploying them”. It
cannot be more plain even for the chairman of the M.A. who refuses to believe
what is staring him in the face that the long term for J.P.s will involve mainly
non court activities. There might be the
solace of sitting as wingers to District Judges(MC) in trial courts for those
newly appointed J.P.s who would know no
better. Combined with natural wastage of
a relatively old cohort of current
magistrates mass resignations which would inevitably follow
would fit tidily with the change over to a fully professional judiciary in the
lower courts; a judiciary beholden to government and owing to its age and
background less financially independent of government decree that the current
senior judiciary. Of course that is exactly what government wishes to see
happen. The directions to DJs and sentencing results after the August riots
of 2011 are proof of that.
The weasels of Whitehall are on game and
set; only the match remains to be won.
T.V. IN COURT
For a long time
I`ve argued in favour of the televising of court proceedings in England. Scotland has
been broadcasting trials for some years albeit on a very selective basis. Two years ago SKY TV began live coverage of the Supreme
Court. Today the go ahead has been given
to widen the coverage of legal proceedings initially on a restricted
basis. So for the first time in many
months I doff my hat to a proposal from the Ministry of Justice.
Tuesday, 10 September 2013
AYE; THERE`S THE RUB
“We have a case
of assault in a domestic context”. These
are the opening words I usually use when
pronouncing the bench decision after a trial of assault where the defendant and
complainant are or were individuals in an intimate relationship although by
default the term applies more widely eg father to child or sister to sister in
law. The important consideration is
that there is no offence of “domestic violence” although that is the generic
term widely used to describe acts ranging from assault which is a summary only
offence to murder. And perhaps that is part of the problem for a problem there
certainly is.
Much legislation
by the very nature of our system of government is enacted for or by political
pressure whereby a government of the day seeks to gain favour with the
electorate. To quote Wikipedia, “The
first known use of the expression "domestic violence" in a modern
context, meaning "spouse abuse, violence in the home" was in 1973”. It is no coincidence that by this time the “women`s
movement” had become firmly established subsequent to widespread use of oral contraceptives and the drive for
equality in all walks of life including the marital home. Thereafter efforts to promote that equality
have been part and parcel of the parliamentary as well as economic process. Much
of the evidence used in DV training for J.P.s is derived from studies in the
state of Michigan U.S.A. where it was
concluded that victims suffered over 30 episodes of violence prior to informing
police. It was only about a decade ago that
the Metropolitan Police decided to investigate cases where there was little hope of the victim being persuaded to appear in court. My memory of the
training sessions on DV is that the trainers considered that we should bear in
mind that when a case appears in court it is as the tip of a violence
iceberg. That philosophy might be
appropriate if government had legislated for DV
per se. Instead we have it under
various levels of assault as mentioned earlier with the context as an
aggravating factor. The result is that
we must IMHO disregard statistics and find only on the facts of any case on
which we are sitting. This inevitably
results in acquittal of some who might have been found “not proven” north of
the border.
However of all
criminal law making DV must come as high
a priority as any when a party becomes a
vote seeker in 2015 which is a good reason why Theresa May, the Home Secretary,
last Friday announced that Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC)
will inspect the performance of police forces across the country, to identify
where improvements need to be made to ensure effectiveness of the police
approach to domestic violence and report back in April 2014. But it is not just the police in the
dock. The CPS and its associate the
Witness Service have much to answer for also insofar as those agencies have
been entrusted with the task of actually bringing the evidence before a court where
that evidence seems likely to lead to conviction and is in the public
interest. And as
the Bard might have considered when writing in his will that his wife should
inherit only his second best bed…….. “Aye, there`s the rub”.
Monday, 9 September 2013
JEREMIAH, J.P.s, CHRISTMAS & TURKEYS
What can magistrates do, outside of courtrooms, to help reduce crime and re-offending, and make communities safer?
This is the
headline on a page in the members` area of the Magistrates` Association
website. This page is unavailable to the
public. The headline itself is an introduction to a request for ideas or
comments on ideas already submitted for
the Justice Ministry to explore in depth.
To quote directly from the web page:-
"Great
things already happening
The
following are some of the great examples of where you are
already using your knowledge and experience from the bench in your
communities, to improve the criminal justice system.
- organising mock trials to explain sentencing to the local community
- visiting local schools to explain the legal system to young people in an innovative and exciting way
- you play an important role in making sure the police are using out-of-court disposals correctly
What
you can submit
Ideas
can be as innovative as you like (they could even involve us changing the law),
the only ground rules are that they must:
- involve magistrates outside of the traditional courtroom role
- be compatible with your core role as judicial office holders
- (in these chastened times), not mean significant extra cost.
What
we will do next
We
will take the top 5 voted ideas and work with you to develop them further,
either to include them in our forthcoming consultation on the role of magistrates
or collate them into a best practice guide for local areas."
There are those, magistrates
official spokesmen amongst them, who would look at the above as evidence of the
government`s continuing commitment to the role of Justice of the Peace. I beg to differ. By apparently prioritising our position
outside its natural habitat; the courtroom, it appears to be preparing the way
for us to be removed from that habitat and to be induced to accept a position
as functionaries wholly involved in an environment distanced from those very courtrooms
where we currently preside inter alia over procedures, management, trials and
sentencing. We are judicial turkeys being prepared for Christmas by being
offered tasty distractions to peck at whilst preparations are being made to
wring our judicial necks.
If I were female I would sign off
this post as Cassandra. Since I`m not how
about Jeremiah?
Sunday, 8 September 2013
THE WORLD WE LIVE IN
And so it was a couple of months ago when a colleague was about to relocate to Wales and confided in me that after she had told a person summonsed into the courtroom from a support unit in our court office to go back from where he came from [the particular office] and get the correct information a complaint of racism was made insofar as the individual was Estonian and the implication was that he should return to Estonia. It is scarcely credible that this nonsense was taken seriously and that my colleague had to explain herself. Of course the matter was dropped and the complainant was pacified. But that we have come to such a state of intellectual fear in this country where even the most straightforward of remarks can be so misinterpreted and worse still the complainants are afforded the status of having been verbally abused to placate those who would foster a culture of perpetual conflict amongst us; not the perpetual conflict envisaged by George Orwell in "1984" but the perpetual fear of causing offence resulting in silence instead of comment and inwardness in place of social contact.
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